Agricultural chemical presence in groundwater has
drawn attention towards transport processes occurring in soil. Hydraulic
conductivity (K) and water holding capacity of a soil have great influence
on water flow and solute transport. However, much of the chemical transport
to groundwater can occur through preferential flow pathways. The simplified,
preferential flow, mobile/immobile model partitions the water content (
)
into mobile (
m) and immobile
(
im) domains, with solute
exchange between the domains characterized by the mass exchange coefficient
(
). In this study a sequential tracer
application technique was used and K,
,
im,
and
were estimated for a series
of pressure heads (H = 10, -30, -60, and -150 mm). This method uses a tension
infiltrometer to measure both hydraulic and solute transport parameters
in situ. The study took place in a no-till corn (Zea mays L.)
field mapped as a Harps series soil (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Calciaquoll).
Unsaturated values of
and K
were distinct from the saturated values. Similarly, though less clear cut,
distinctions between saturated and unsaturated values of
im,
immobile water fraction (
im/
),
and were observed. The medians of
for the sequence of decreasing H values were 0.40, 0.34, 0.34, and 0.33
m3m-3. The median K values for the same sequence
of H's were 108, 1.69, 1.51, and 0.72 µms-1. The median
im/
values for the H sequence were 0.40, 0.28, 0.25, and 0.39. The median values
of
for the H sequence were
0.59, 0.015, 0.0028, and 0.0029 h-1. A strong correlation between
and H suggests a velocity dependence of.



