{"id":15476,"date":"2026-04-07T10:19:21","date_gmt":"2026-04-07T15:19:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/?p=15476"},"modified":"2026-04-07T10:27:27","modified_gmt":"2026-04-07T15:27:27","slug":"iowa-depth-to-bedrock","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/gis-data\/physiography-gis-data\/iowa-depth-to-bedrock\/","title":{"rendered":"Iowa Depth to Bedrock"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-container ugb-container ugb-ee96871 ugb-container--v2 ugb-container--design-plain ugb-main-block\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:768px){.ugb-ee96871.ugb-container{margin-bottom:0px !important}}@media screen and (min-width:768px){.ugb-ee96871 > .ugb-inner-block > .ugb-block-content > *{padding-bottom:0px !important}}<\/style><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-container__wrapper ugb-ee96871-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-container__side\"><div class=\"ugb-container__content-wrapper ugb-ee96871-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"paragraph-widget paragraph-widget--text-html\">\n\t<div class=\"text-content\">\n\t\t<h2>Map Description<\/h2>\n<p>This depth-to-bedrock map estimates the physical boundary between regolith (unconsolidated) and hard rock (consolidated) materials, which can influence rooting depth, water storage, drainage behavior, land productivity, and the costs of digging to different depths. In Iowa&#8217;s loess and till landscapes, a depth-to-bedrock map is especially valuable because it distinguishes areas with thick loess or glacial sediments from those where bedrock lies relatively close to the surface. In certain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/map\/physiographic-regions-of-iowa\/\">physiographic regions<\/a> or where incised stream valleys exhume the underlying bedrock, the depth to consolidated material can be within tens of centimeters\/inches of the soil surface.<\/p>\n<p>Shallow bedrock limits root growth, promotes perched water tables, leading to excess wetness, and reduces available water, increasing drought sensitivity. At the watershed scale, bedrock depth governs how water is partitioned among runoff, shallow subsurface flow, and deep subsurface flow. Those factors shape stream response to rainfall events and nutrient transport. Hydrologic pathways impact patterns of soil formation and long-term erosion risk. For engineering and land-use decisions, bedrock depth informs foundation design, drainage feasibility, and construction cost.<\/p>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"paragraph-widget paragraph-widget--text-html\">\n\t<div class=\"text-content\">\n\t\t<h2>GIS Process<\/h2>\n<p>This depth-to-bedrock map was produced by subtracting the estimated bedrock surface elevation from the ground surface elevation derived from LiDAR. The <a href=\"https:\/\/iowageologicalsurvey.uiowa.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Iowa Geological Survey<\/a> (IGS) provides a statewide bedrock surface elevation model, constructed from well logs, outcrop observations, geophysical data, and stratigraphic interpretation, which represents the elevation of the top of consolidated bedrock beneath unconsolidated sediments such as loess, alluvium, and till. The IGS model of bedrock surface elevation was mapped at a 110 m spatial resolution. LiDAR elevation data for the ground surface is naturally much more accurate and has a finer spatial resolution. To balance not throwing out too much detailed information with the uncertainty introduced by matching datasets with disparate spatial resolutions, the 30 m resolution bare-earth surface DEM was used.<\/p>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-container ugb-container ugb-8bdbc79 ugb-container--v2 ugb-container--design-plain ugb-main-block\"><style>@media screen and (min-width:768px){.ugb-8bdbc79.ugb-container{margin-bottom:0px !important}}@media screen and (min-width:768px){.ugb-8bdbc79 > .ugb-inner-block > .ugb-block-content > *{padding-top:0px !important;padding-bottom:0px !important}}<\/style><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-container__wrapper ugb-8bdbc79-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-container__side\"><div class=\"ugb-container__content-wrapper ugb-8bdbc79-content-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-columns stk-block-columns stk-block stk-9cc33fa\" data-block-id=\"9cc33fa\"><div class=\"stk-row stk-inner-blocks stk-block-content stk-content-align stk-9cc33fa-column\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-column stk-block stk-001bb93\" data-v=\"4\" data-block-id=\"001bb93\"><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-001bb93-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-001bb93-inner-blocks\"><div class=\"paragraph-widget paragraph-widget--text-html\">\n\t<div class=\"text-content\">\n\t\t<p>The resulting raster map depicts spatial variation in estimated sediment thickness across the state. Positive values represent the thickness of unconsolidated material above bedrock, while smaller values indicate shallow bedrock conditions. Uncertainty in mapping the elevation of the bedrock surface is high, especially when it is deeply buried beneath unconsolidated materials. Therefore, the depth to bedrock should be considered only a rough estimate.<\/p>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-stackable-column stk-block-column stk-column stk-block stk-ce9246d\" data-v=\"4\" data-block-id=\"ce9246d\"><div class=\"stk-column-wrapper stk-block-column__content stk-container stk-ce9246d-container stk--no-background stk--no-padding\"><div class=\"stk-block-content stk-inner-blocks stk-ce9246d-inner-blocks\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1702\" src=\"https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/files\/2026\/04\/IA-Depth_to_bedrock-scaled.png\" alt=\"Preview image of estimated depth to bedrock in Iowa.\" class=\"wp-image-15482\" style=\"width:450px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/files\/2026\/04\/IA-Depth_to_bedrock-scaled.png 2560w, https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/files\/2026\/04\/IA-Depth_to_bedrock-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/files\/2026\/04\/IA-Depth_to_bedrock-1024x681.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/files\/2026\/04\/IA-Depth_to_bedrock-768x511.png 768w, https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/files\/2026\/04\/IA-Depth_to_bedrock-1536x1021.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/files\/2026\/04\/IA-Depth_to_bedrock-2048x1362.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ugb-container ugb-container ugb-d1207b7 ugb-container--v2 ugb-container--design-plain ugb-main-block\"><style>.ugb-d1207b7 .ugb-inner-block{text-align:center}@media screen and (min-width:768px){.ugb-d1207b7.ugb-container{margin-bottom:0px !important}}@media screen and (min-width:768px){.ugb-d1207b7 > .ugb-inner-block > .ugb-block-content > *{padding-top:0px !important}}<\/style><div class=\"ugb-inner-block\"><div class=\"ugb-block-content\"><div class=\"ugb-container__wrapper ugb-d1207b7-wrapper\"><div class=\"ugb-container__side\"><div class=\"ugb-container__content-wrapper ugb-d1207b7-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"paragraph-widget paragraph-widget--text-html\">\n\t<div class=\"text-content\">\n\t\t<h2 class=\"text-align-center\">GIS Map Folder Download<\/h2>\n<p class=\"text-align-center\">Click the button below to access the GIS data.<\/p>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/?ddownload=15483\" title=\"Download\" rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"ddownload-button button-yellow id-15483 ext-\">Download<\/a>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"paragraph-widget paragraph-widget--text-html\">\n\t<div class=\"text-content\">\n\t\t<h3>References<\/h3>\n<p>Iowa Department of Management. 2023. Three-Meter Elevation Model of Iowa. <a href=\"https:\/\/geodata.iowa.gov\/maps\/e368d0084e5d4fda9b773e25c2f34893\/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/geodata.iowa.gov\/maps\/e368d0084e5d4fda9b773e25c2f34893\/about<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Iowa Geological Survey. 2020. Bedrock Geology of Iowa. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arcgis.com\/home\/item.html?id=eaaa2fdcef9a41b89abf534a48f87ec9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.arcgis.com\/home\/item.html?id=eaaa2fdcef9a41b89abf534a48f87ec9<\/a><\/p>\n\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3216,"featured_media":15482,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,305],"tags":[47,60],"class_list":["post-15476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-gis-data","category-physiography-gis-data","tag-geomorphology","tag-iowa"],"acf":[],"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":["https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/files\/2026\/04\/IA-Depth_to_bedrock-scaled.png",2560,1702,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/files\/2026\/04\/IA-Depth_to_bedrock-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/files\/2026\/04\/IA-Depth_to_bedrock-300x199.png",300,199,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/files\/2026\/04\/IA-Depth_to_bedrock-768x511.png",768,511,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/files\/2026\/04\/IA-Depth_to_bedrock-1024x681.png",1024,681,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/files\/2026\/04\/IA-Depth_to_bedrock-1536x1021.png",1536,1021,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/files\/2026\/04\/IA-Depth_to_bedrock-2048x1362.png",2048,1362,true]},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"<p>Map Description This depth-to-bedrock map estimates the physical boundary between regolith (unconsolidated) and hard rock (consolidated) materials, which can influence rooting depth, water storage, drainage behavior, land productivity, and the costs of digging to different depths. In Iowa&#8217;s loess and till landscapes, a depth-to-bedrock map is especially valuable because it distinguishes areas with thick loess or glacial sediments from those where bedrock lies relatively close to the surface. In certain physiographic regions or where incised stream valleys exhume the underlying bedrock, the depth to consolidated material can be within tens of centimeters\/inches of the soil surface. Shallow bedrock limits root&hellip;<\/p>\n","category_list_v2":"<a href=\"https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/category\/gis-data\/\" rel=\"category tag\">GIS Data<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/category\/gis-data\/physiography-gis-data\/\" rel=\"category tag\">Physiography GIS Data<\/a>","author_info_v2":{"name":"Bradley Miller","url":"https:\/\/www.agron.iastate.edu\/glsi\/author\/millerba\/"},"comments_num_v2":"0 comments","yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Iowa Depth to Bedrock - Geospatial Laboratory for Soil Informatics<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This depth-to-bedrock map was produced by subtracting the estimated bedrock surface elevation from the ground surface elevation derived from LiDAR.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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